Terpenes are naturally occurring aromatic compounds found in cannabis and many other plants. They are responsible for the distinctive scents and flavours of flowers, herbs, fruits, and trees. In cannabis, terpenes are produced in the same resin glands as cannabinoids like CBD, contributing to each plant’s unique sensory profile.
Beyond aroma, terpenes play an important role in how plants interact with their environment, helping to repel pests and attract pollinators. Similar compounds are widely used in food flavouring, cosmetics, and fragrances and are commonly found in citrus peels, lavender, mint, rosemary, and black pepper.
Key Terpenes Commonly Found in Cannabis
Each cannabis variety has a unique terpene profile. Below are some of the most well-known terpenes frequently present in cannabis-derived products:
Limonene
- Aroma: Citrus, orange, lemon
- Also found in: Citrus peels, peppermint, rosemary
- Commonly associated with uplifting and fresh sensory profiles
β-Caryophyllene
- Aroma: Spicy, peppery, woody
- Also found in: Black pepper, cloves, cinnamon
- Notable for its bold, warming scent
Linalool
- Aroma: Floral, lavender-like
- Also found in: Lavender, mint, coriander
- Often associated with calming aromatic products
β-Myrcene
- Aroma: Earthy, musky, herbal
- Also found in: Hops, thyme, lemongrass, mango
- One of the most abundant terpenes in cannabis
The “Entourage Effect” Explained
The term entourage effect refers to the theory that cannabinoids, terpenes, and other naturally occurring plant compounds may work together to influence the overall experience of cannabis-derived products. This concept was first discussed in scientific literature in the late 1990s.
While ongoing research continues to explore these interactions, many consumers prefer broad-spectrum or full-spectrum extracts that retain a wider range of natural plant compounds rather than isolated ingredients.
How Do Terpenes Interact With the Body?
They are known to interact with aroma receptors and may influence sensory perception through scent. Scientific studies are exploring how they may interact with biological pathways, including their potential role in modulating how cannabinoids are perceived.
However, terpene-related effects can vary depending on formulation, concentration, and individual response.
Why Do Terpenes Matter?
They contribute significantly to:
- Flavour and aroma profiles
- Product character and variety
- Full-plant extract authenticity
They are a key reason why cannabis-derived products can differ so widely in scent, taste, and overall experience—even when cannabinoid content is similar.
What Does Research Say About Terpenes?
Scientific interest has increased over the past decade. Studies continue to investigate how terpenes and cannabinoids may interact within the body and how they contribute to plant-based formulations.
While early findings are promising, more human clinical research is required, and terpene-containing products are not intended to diagnose, treat, or prevent any disease.